652 research outputs found
Futures of Responsible and Inclusive AI: How Might We Foster an Inclusive, Responsible and Foresight-Informed AI Governance Approach?
This paper seeks to investigate how we might foster an inclusive, foresight-informed responsible AI governance framework. This paper discusses the gaps and opportunities in current AI initiatives across various stakeholders and acknowledges the importance of anticipation and agility. This paper also posits that it is important for legal, policy, industry and academia to understand the specificities of each other’s domains better to build an inclusive governance framework
Optimal strategy for polarization modulation in the LSPE-SWIPE experiment
CMB B-mode experiments are required to control systematic effects with an
unprecedented level of accuracy. Polarization modulation by a half wave plate
(HWP) is a powerful technique able to mitigate a large number of the
instrumental systematics. Our goal is to optimize the polarization modulation
strategy of the upcoming LSPE-SWIPE balloon-borne experiment, devoted to the
accurate measurement of CMB polarization at large angular scales. We depart
from the nominal LSPE-SWIPE modulation strategy (HWP stepped every 60 s with a
telescope scanning at around 12 deg/s) and perform a thorough investigation of
a wide range of possible HWP schemes (either in stepped or continuously
spinning mode and at different azimuth telescope scan-speeds) in the frequency,
map and angular power spectrum domain. In addition, we probe the effect of
high-pass and band-pass filters of the data stream and explore the HWP response
in the minimal case of one detector for one operation day (critical for the
single-detector calibration process). We finally test the modulation
performance against typical HWP-induced systematics. Our analysis shows that
some stepped HWP schemes, either slowly rotating or combined with slow
telescope modulations, represent poor choices. Moreover, our results point out
that the nominal configuration may not be the most convenient choice. While a
large class of spinning designs provides comparable results in terms of pixel
angle coverage, map-making residuals and BB power spectrum standard deviations
with respect to the nominal strategy, we find that some specific configurations
(e.g., a rapidly spinning HWP with a slow gondola modulation) allow a more
efficient polarization recovery in more general real-case situations. Although
our simulations are specific to the LSPE-SWIPE mission, the general outcomes of
our analysis can be easily generalized to other CMB polarization experiments.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Polarization of Cosmic Microwave Background
In this work we present an extension of the ROMA map-making code for data
analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization, with particular attention
given to the inflationary polarization B-modes. The new algorithm takes into
account a possible cross-correlated noise component among the different
detectors of a CMB experiment. We tested the code on the observational data of
the BOOMERanG (2003) experiment and we show that we are provided with a better
estimate of the power spectra, in particular the error bars of the BB spectrum
are smaller up to 20% for low multipoles. We point out the general validity of
the new method. A possible future application is the LSPE balloon experiment,
devoted to the observation of polarization at large angular scales.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of the 6th Young Researchers Meeting,
L'Aquila, Oct 12th-14th 201
Optimal strategy for polarization modulation in the LSPE-SWIPE experiment
Context. Cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode experiments are required to control systematic effects with an unprecedented level of accuracy. Polarization modulation by a half wave plate (HWP) is a powerful technique able to mitigate a large number of the instrumental systematics. Aims. Our goal is to optimize the polarization modulation strategy of the upcoming LSPE-SWIPE balloon-borne experiment, devoted to the accurate measurement of CMB polarization at large angular scales. Methods. We departed from the nominal LSPE-SWIPE modulation strategy (HWP stepped every 60 s with a telescope scanning at around 12 deg/s) and performed a thorough investigation of a wide range of possible HWP schemes (either in stepped or continuously spinning mode and at different azimuth telescope scan-speeds) in the frequency, map and angular power spectrum domain. In addition, we probed the effect of high-pass and band-pass filters of the data stream and explored the HWP response in the minimal case of one detector for one operation day (critical for the single-detector calibration process). We finally tested the modulation performance against typical HWP-induced systematics. Results. Our analysis shows that some stepped HWP schemes, either slowly rotating or combined with slow telescope modulations, represent poor choices. Moreover, our results point out that the nominal configuration may not be the most convenient choice. While a large class of spinning designs provides comparable results in terms of pixel angle coverage, map-making residuals and BB power spectrum standard deviations with respect to the nominal strategy, we find that some specific configurations (e.g., a rapidly spinning HWP with a slow gondola modulation) allow a more efficient polarization recovery in more general real-case situations. Conclusions. Although our simulations are specific to the LSPE-SWIPE mission, the general outcomes of our analysis can be easily generalized to other CMB polarization experiments
Optimization of the half wave plate configuration for the LSPE-SWIPE experiment
The search for the B-mode polarization of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
is the new frontier of observational Cosmology. A B-mode detection would give
an ultimate confirmation to the existence of a primordial Gravitational Wave
(GW) background as predicted in the inflationary scenario. Several experiments
have been designed or planned to observe B-modes. In this work we focus on the
forthcoming Large Scale Polarization Explorer (LSPE) experiment, that will be
devoted to the accurate measurement of CMB polarization at large angular
scales. LSPE consists of a balloon-borne bolometric instrument, the Short
Wavelength Instrument for the Polarization Explorer (SWIPE), and a ground-based
coherent polarimeter array, the STRatospheric Italian Polarimeter (STRIP).
SWIPE will employ a rotating Half Wave Plate (HWP) polarization modulator to
mitigate the systematic effects due to instrumental non-idealities. We present
here preliminary forecasts aimed at optimizing the HWP configuration.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of the 7th Young Researcher Meeting,
Torino, Oct 24th-26th 201
CMB Polarization: Scientific Case and Data Analysis Issues
We review the science case for studying CMB polarization. We then discuss the
main issues related to the analysis of forth-coming polarized CMB data, such as
those expected from balloon-borne (e.g. BOOMERanG) and satellite (e.g. Planck)
experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in "Astrophysical Polarized Background"
Workshop Proceedings, eds. S. Cecchini, S. Cortiglioni, R. Sault and C.
Sbarra, AIP, in pres
How the Universe got its Spots
The universe displays a three-dimensional pattern of hot and cold spots in
the radiation remnant from the big bang. The global geometry of the universe
can be revealed in the spatial distribution of these spots. In a topologically
compact universe, distinctive patterns are especially prominent in spatial
correlations of the radiation temperature. Whereas these patterns are usually
washed out in statistical averages, we propose a scheme which uses the
universe's spots to observe global geometry in a manner analogous to the use of
multiple images of a gravitationally lensed quasar to study the geometry of the
lens. To demonstrate how the geometry of space forms patterns in observations
of the microwave sky, we develop a simple real-space approximation to estimate
temperature correlations for any set of cosmological parameters and any global
geometry. We present correlated spheres which clearly show geometric pattern
formation for compact flat universes as well as for the compact negatively
curved space introduced by Weeks and another discovered by Best. These examples
illustrate how future satellite-based observations of the microwave background
can determine the full geometry of the universe.Comment: 16 pages, 26 figure
An Application of Declarative Languages in Distributed Architectures: ASP and DALI Microservices
In this paper we introduce an approach to the possible adoption of Answer Set Programming (ASP) for the definition of microservices, which are a successful abstraction for designing distributed applications as suites of independently deployable interacting components. Such ASP-based components might be employed in distributed architectures related to Cloud Computing or to the Internet of Things (IoT), where the ASP microservices might be usefully coordinated with intelligent logic-based agents. We develop a case study where we consider ASP microservices in synergy with agents defined in DALI, a well-known logic-based agent-oriented programming language developed by our research group
Le amministrazioni transitorie delle Nazioni Unite e le violazioni dei diritti umani
LE AMMINISTRAZIONI TRANSITORIE DELLE NAZIONI UNITE - IN PARTICOLARE IN KOSOVO E TIMOR EST - E LA RESPONSABILITĂ DELLE STESSE PER LE VIOLAZIONI DEI DIRITTI UMANI COMMESSE DAGLI AGENTI INTERNAZIONALI NEI TERRITORI AMMINISTRAT
Recenti sviluppi nella giurisprudenza dell’Ufficio Europeo dei Brevetti in materia di novità dei brevetti farmaceutici e di alcuni aspetti etici e giuridici connessi alla sperimentazione clinica
Con la decisione T 0670/20, del 22 dicembre 2022 (https://new.epo.org/en/boardsof-appeal/decisions/t200670eu1.html), la Camera d’Appello tecnica dell’Ufficio Europeo dei Brevetti (EPO) è tornata a pronunciarsi sulla controversa questione del venir meno del
requisito della novitĂ dei farmaci che siano stati somministrati a pazienti durante i consueti
test clinici precedenti alla presentazione della domanda di brevetto.
In tale occasione, la Camera si è espressa in senso favorevole per il produttore, escludendo che la somministrazione di medicinali a volontari nel corso di clinical trials svolti secondo le Guideline for good clinical practice dell’European Medicine Agency (EMA) integri una divulgazione al pubblico atta a distruggere il requisito della novità del prodotto.
La decisione, pur essendo ancorata ad una valutazione delle circostanze del caso concreto, ha il pregio di fornire utili precisazioni sui principi consolidati in materia nella giurisprudenza della Camera d’Appello dell’EPO e, soprattutto, di valorizzare gli aspetti etici connessi alla sperimentazione clinica su esseri umani in un settore, in costante espansione, quale quello dei brevetti farmaceutici.
Si stima, infatti, che tra il 2011 e il 2021, il numero delle domande di brevetto nel settore farmaceutico abbia subito un incremento pari al 6,8 %, con un totale di 3.002 brevetti farmaceutici rilasciati dall’Ufficio Europeo dei Brevetti nel 2021, a fronte dei 2.098 rilasciati nel 2012
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